Different Reactions

[Hassab]

Examples of different reactions

Decomposition:


When a reactant breaks down to give two or more products, we call this type of reaction decomposition.

calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide

Decomposition caused by heat is called thermal decomposition.

Decomposition can also be caused by light.

silver chloride → silver + chlorine




Combination:


The reverse to decomposition - combination involves often two reactants reacting to form just one product.

sodium + chlorine gas → sodium chloride




Neutralisation:



When acids react with bases, they neutralise each other the products of a neutralisation reaction are neither acids nor bases.

sodium hydroxide + hydrocholoric acid → sodium chloride + water

The products of neutralisation are a salt and water.



Electrolysis:



This reaction involves the decomposition of a compound by electricity.

lead bromide → lead + bromine gas



Fermentation:



Natural organisms, such as yeast can cause decomposition to occur. Yeast breaks down glucose, a sugar, into alcohol.

glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide

This reaction is important to the yeast cells since it produces the energy they require to multiply. This reaction is used in the making of beer and wines.

This reaction is also used in breadmaking.




Precipitation:



When a reaction involving two solutions produces an insoluble product. The product appears as a precipitate. This reaction is known as precipitation.

barium nitrate + copper sulphate → barium sulphate + copper nitrate

In this reaction it is the barium sulphate that appears as the precipitate.




Combustion:



This reaction involves the reaction of a substance with oxygen in the air. Sometimes the word burning is used instead of combustion.

The substance that reacts with oxygen is said to be oxidised. The result is a product called an oxide.

This is an example of an exothermic reaction, one that gives out heat energy.

carbon + oxygen → carbon dioxide

iron + oxygen → iron oxide



Oxidation and reduction:



If a substance loses oxygen during a reaction it is reduced.

If a substance gains oxygen during a reaction it is oxidized.

Reduction and oxidation always take place at the same time.

For example: the reaction between black copper (II) oxide and hydrogen gas,

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[Hebatullah]

In a synthesis of chemical reaction two or more chemical species combine to form a more complex product which is useful.Chemical reactions tend to involve the motion of electrons, it will breaking of chemical bonds and made one product such as:
sodium + chlorine ----> sodium chloride
sodium + oxygen ----->sodium oxide
silver + bromine -----> silver bromide and many more reactions....